Mind Shelter Project

The Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I) was developed by Kool et al. in 2013 and assessed patients’ perceptions of responses from others, which can be perceived as denying, lecturing, not supporting, and not acknowledging the condition of the patient. Invalidation was measured by five sources: spouse, family, medical professionals, work environment, and social services. It consists of two factors: discounting and lack of understanding. Each item is indicated on a 5-point scale (1, never; 2, seldom; 3, sometimes, 4, often; 5, very often) on how frequently they have experienced others responding to them in a certain manner. In the survey, the Chronbach alpha value was .66.

The General Self-efficacy Scale was created by Schwarzer and Jerusalem in 1995 and aimed to grasp a general sense of perceived self-efficacy. It assesses the strength of an individual’s belief in his or her own ability to respond to novel or difficult situations and to deal with any associated obstacles or setbacks. Every 10 items in the survey refer to coping methods and internal-stable attribution of success. The total scores will range from 10-40, with a higher score representing greater perceived self-efficacy. In the survey, the Chronbach alpha value was .90.

The term "Peter Pan Syndrome" is used in popular psychology to refer to a set of traits frequently found in people who find it difficult to mature and accept adult responsibilities. The phrase is inspired from the narrative of Peter Pan, a made-up character who desires to remain a child forever and live in the fantastical land of Neverland.

People with Peter Pan Syndrome typically display a pattern of actions that show an unwillingness or inability to accept the duties and difficulties of adult life, such as maintaining a job, developing a profession, raising a family, or caring for one's own well-being. They might reject societal norms and expectations, prefer to exist in their own imaginary and fantastical world, and struggle with emotional closeness.

The ability to endure pain was measured using the Distress Intolerance Index (DII) developed by McHugh and Otto (2012). DII is a single-dimensional scale consisting of 10 items obtained through factor analysis of items from four commonly used scales (Distress Tolerance Scale, Frustration Discomfort Scale, Discomfort Intolerance Scale, and Anxiety Sensitivity Index) used to measure pain endurance. In the survey, the Chronbach alpha value was .85.

The mental health was measured using a scale consisting of 6 items used in a study by Kim Yong-seok (2011), and measured using a 5-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree). For instance the questionnaire asks about an individual’s sense of hopelessness in life or feeling worthless as a person. In the survey, the Chronbach alpha value was .90.

The Procedural and Distributive Justice Beliefs for Self and Others Assessment was developed by Lucas, T., Zhdanova, L., & Alexander, S in 2011 to assess justice beliefs for the self and others. The study also measured well-being and harsh social attitudes. A shortened version of the whole survey was adopted.

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is a widely used self-assessment instrument that measures self-esteem, which is defined as an individual's overall subjective evaluation of their own worth and value as a person. The scale was developed by sociologist Morris Rosenberg in 1965 and consists of 10 statements that are answered on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. In the survey, the Chronbach alpha value was .88.

The severity of insomnia was measured using a scale used in the study by Cho, Song, & Morin (2014). This scale consisted of 5 items and was measured using a 5-point Likert scale. In the survey, the Chronbach alpha value was .83.